The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter Essay

The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter - Essay Example There is more meaning to what is seen in the photography, much more than someone who was so close to the girl could take. At the time the photograph was taken, Sudan had been in the midst of a civil war that have led to prolonged famine that afflicted a wide range of the population necessitating international organizations like the United Nations to distribute aid in the form of food and other relief supplies. The strength of the rhetorical analysis comes in terms of requiring validating references from diverse secondary sources to confirm the credibility not only of the incidents crucial for the photograph, but also the story surrounding famine infested Sudan and Carter’s ultimate demise. The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter A young naked body cramped on the earth, with very thin limbs, and rib cage protruding. Face touching the earth from the forehead. The viewer could not even decipher the gender. Despite the face hidden, the gender could have been surmised due to the single white accessory around the neck. Most disturbing was the vulture intently eyeing a potential meal, not even three meters away. Everything else seemed to be oblivious of the scene. Aside from the green trees that set the background, all that viewers see is the disturbing reality of hunger, famine, eminent death. The meaning that the picture aims to relay is more than eliciting pity, empathy, fear – it generated diverse reactions and criticisms that created another tragic story for the photographer who was tagged as "The man adjusting his lens to take just the right frame of her suffering," said The Sudanese Girl, photographed by Kevin Carter Source: Toledo, 2010 the St. Petersburg (Florida) Times, "might just as well be a pre dator, another vulture on the scene† (Macleod, 1994, 5). The story of Kevin Carter was thereby featured in Time, published on September 12, 1994 entitled â€Å"The Life and Death of Kevin Carter† (Time, 1994) which proffered the kind of life the photographer led and the tendencies for drug addiction and susceptibility to suicide. Having previously attempted to take his life after losing his job, Macleod revealed Carter espousing a troubled personality exemplifying a rollercoaster prelude aggravated by the habit of taking marijuana and the ‘white-pipe’: â€Å"a mixture of dagga and Mandrax, a banned tranquilizer containing methaqualone† (Macleod, 1994, 3). Another opportunity to rationalize the tragic suicide of a recently acclaimed photographer, seeking to justify the outcome of his behavior, by fitting pieces of a puzzle, leaving the readers to conclude. The image ability to appeal to ethos is deemed eminent in its solicitation of diverse reactions focusing the plight of the victims of Sudan’s civil war and famine. The immediate fame it generated by winning a Pulitzer Prize was actually magnified by the event of the photographer’s death. According to Christensen (2010), â€Å"it is true that Kevin Carter won a Pulitzer Prize for his famous photograph. It is also true that Carter left the scene after taking the photograph without helping the child. However, it is too simplistic to suggest that he committed suicide as a direct result of his experience with this child as implied in the message. It is also unfair to judge his actions without having some understanding of the man's state of mine along with the terrible conditions in Sudan at the time the photograph was taken† (par. 2). The statement supports the appeal of the ethos perspective in reaching

Nature of emotions Essay Example for Free

Nature of emotions Essay Compare The Two of Us by Armitage and Havisham by Duffy, paying particular attention to how thoughts and feelings are presented. The two poems by Armitage and Duffy focus specifically on the destructive nature of emotions. The Two of Us focuses on the superficiality of possession whilst Havisham considers the deception of relationships. This brings about both of the speakers and poets feelings. The Two of Us deals with a comparison between two brothers who differ in terms of wealth and professions. There is also a moral to Armitages poem, which emphasises the idea that material goods will be useless in death. This means that the poem is thought provoking. On the other hand, Havisham concentrates on a female speaker who is angry and bitter about a failed relationship, most likely caused from an unfaithful partner. The poet explores themes of jealousy and violence, which gives an interesting twist on Duffys familiar theme of love. Nevertheless, the two poems have similarities in terms of perspective. They both employ the personal pronoun I which expresses the deep individual thoughts and feelings of the speaker. However, The Two of Us also involves the second person pronoun you to express a feeling of accusation and deep resentment. There are several differences in the structure of both poems. The Two of Us has a rhyme scheme, which mirrors the I and you of the poem. However, Havisham is written in free verse, which reflects the spontaneity of the speakers emotions. It also shows that the speaker is lacking control of her own feelings Therefore, The Two of US has a stricter structure to reinforce the divide between the rich brother and the poor one. There are similar aspects of thoughts and feelings in terms of imagery. Both employ colour imagery to depict specific emotions and moods, for example, the colour gold in The Two of Us has connotations of glamour and a degree of luxury. Havisham uses colour in a more traditional and stereotypical sense i. e. dark green pebbles for eyes, this illustrating the speakers envy. However, The two of us is written more uniquely; this shown through the cluster of similes in the fifth stanza; Like Im some cutting taken from the tree Like Im some twig related to the root. The speaker emphasises that they are actually related and could possibly be twins. There are also similarities and differences between the two poems in terms of language. Both use juxtapositions but for different purposes. In The Two of Us it provides a contrast between rich and poor whilst in Havisham in expresses her feelings for her lover, Beloved sweetheart bastard. However, both poems have unique features to portray thoughts and feelings. The pathetic fallacy in The Two of Us allows the reader to empathise towards the poor conditions the speaker lives in; Rain to racket on the metal roof The harsh sounding alliteration makes the weather seem a lot tougher and therefore the conditions he faces a lot tougher. This makes the rich brother a more unlikeable character because he has not helped the poor one. Havisham uses different language techniques to portray the message of the poem. The final stanza shows how hurt and upset the speaker is, Dont think that its only the heart that b-b-b-breaks. This breakdown in language shows that the speaker is sobbing and been affected by the broken relationship. Overall, both poems are successful in presenting the thoughts and feeling of the speakers. They target specific emotions from the reader which aids in the reader understanding the poems.

The Character of Hedda Gabler in Ibsens Hedda Gabler Essay -- Hedda G

The Character of   Hedda Gabler      Ã‚     Hedda Gabler is perhaps one of the most interesting characters in Ibsen.   She has been the object of psychological analysis since her creation.   She is an interesting case indeed, for to "explain" Hedda one must rely on the hints Ibsen gives us from her past and the lines of dialogue that reveal the type of person she is.   The reader never views Hedda directly.   We never get a soliloquy in which she bares her heart and motives to the audience.   Hedda is as indifferent to our analysis as she is to Tesman's excitement over his slippers when she says "I really don't care about it" (Ibsen   8).   But a good psychologist knows that even this indifference is telling.   Underneath the ennui and indifference lies a character rich for psychological investigation:   "The Character of Hedda Gabler remains a product of our speculation.   That is, as we process the surface details we perceive in the various postures she assumes, we hypothesize an idea of the figure underneath the mask." (Lyons   83).   This paper will try to "explain" Hedda with the aid of critical analysis.      Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The first aspect of the play that strikes the reader is the title.   Before we even read a line of this play we notice the incongruity between the name of the title character and her name in the play.   In the play Hedda is Tesman's wife, but the title suggests that she is the independent daughter of the late General Gabler.   Thus, Ibsen introduces the reader to this complex character before the curtain is drawn.   We immediately ask the question:   why is the title "Hedda Gabler" and not "Hedda Tesman"?   Perhaps Ibsen is suggesting Hedda's independence from her present situation, the situation in which she is introduce... ...wman.   She too is confused about her own identity and appears to be in the grip of forces beyond her understanding and control--social and psychological forces.   Nevertheless, Hedda is an interesting case and Ibsen's play foreshadows many psychological and social concerns of the 20th century.    WORKS   CITED Helland, F.   "Irony and Experience in Hedda Gabler."   Contemporary Approaches to Ibsen.   Ed.   Hemmer and Ystad.   Norway:   Scandinavian UP, 1994.   99-119. Ibsen, Henrik.   Hedda Gabler.   New York:   Dover Publications, 1990. Lyons, C.   Hedda Gabler:   Gender, Role, and World.   MA:   Twayne, 1991. Northam, J.   Ibsen's Dramatic Method: A Study of the Prose Dramas.   London:   Faber and Faber Limited, 1953. Weigland, H.   The Modern Ibsen:   A Reconsideration.   New York:   E.P. Dutton, 1960.                              

The House on Mango Street Cultural Values :: House Mango Street

The House on Mango Street Cultural Values Sandra Cisneros' strong cultural values greatly influence The House on Mango Street. Esperanza's life is the medium that Cisneros uses to bring the Latin community to her audience. The novel deals with the Catholic Church and its position in the Latin community. The deep family connection within the barrio also plays an important role in the novel. Esperanza's struggle to become a part of the world outside of Mango Street represents the desire many Chicanos have to grow beyond their neighborhoods. Religion holds a powerful position in the lives of Latinos. It provides a built in censor of right and wrong in the form of extreme guilt (Aranda 150). The chapter "A Rice Sandwich" divulges the way guilt is established. Here Esperanza wants to eat at the canteen for lunch, but the nuns just insult her, and this makes her cry. She says they were "...pointing to a row of three ugly flats, the one the raggedy men are ashamed to go into. Yes...though I knew that wasn't my house" (Cisneros 45). The fact that her victimizers were nuns made her even more embarrassed about where she lived than she already was. Family can either be a brick of foundation or a wrecking ball in the Chicano world. Cisneros says, "We're very family centered, and that family extends to the whole Raza" (Aranda 150). Throughout Mango Street Esperanza's family is a brick of foundation. Esperanza's best friend is her sister. She also has fun at her aunt's expense, and she inherits her grandmother's first name. This inheritance symbolizes the strong family bond of Latinos in their effort to keep the family names alive. Esperanza dreams of someday having a satisfying life. She doesn't want her path of freedom to be cleared by having a baby or finding a husband. She has no desires to fall into the trap of dependency. As the author writes, "Her power is her own. She will not give it away" (Cisneros 89).

Professions for Women Essay

1. According to Virginia Woolf, what are two main obstacles to women’s professional identity? Are these still the two main obstacles, or does the contemporary women face different hurdles? Explain. The two main obstacles to women’s professional identify is the expectations of society and the expectations she has for herself. These obstacles still exist today but to a certain degree. In 1930 society’s expectation for women was to stay home to cook and clean, now women are still seen to do this but are also seen to have a job. Women also give themselves high expectations for many things as they did in the 1930’s. 2. What is the Origin of the â€Å"Angel in the House† (para. 3)? Consult the Language of Composition Web site for background information: .Why is this an appropriate or effective frame of reference for Woolf? The origin of the â€Å"Angel in the House† came from a poem written in the 1900’s about self sacrificing heroine which represents the ideal Victorian women; a woman who was sympathetic, very charming, and unselfish. Including the â€Å"Angel in the House† is appropriate because she talks about killing this phantom which meant she was free to express herself, which inspired many women. 3. What do you think Woolf means in paragraph 5 when she asserts that â€Å"a novelist’s chief desire is to be as unconscious as possible†? Do you agree that someone who writes fiction should be â€Å"unconscious†? Why do you think a novelist would want to be â€Å"unconscious† or would benefit from being â€Å"unconscious†? I think what Woolf means by â€Å"a novelist’s chief desire is to be unconscious as possible† (paragraph 5). Is that when a writer begins to write they disappear into their own words and continue to write without stopping. I agree that someone who writes fiction should be â€Å"unconscious† because it helps them describe the character they are portraying better. 4. In paragraph 5 and 6, Woolf explores the consequences of being unable to tell â€Å"the truth† about her own â€Å"experiences as a body.† What does she mean† Why does she believe that surmounting this obstacle is more difficult – perhaps impossible at the time she was writing – that â€Å"killing the Angel in the House†? Woolf means that women still have to hide behind lies, like a fake  name, to have a book published. She believes the surmounting this obstacle is more difficult because women were not seen as equals in the 1930’s they were more seen as property of the husband or father.

Civil War Leaders and Their Conflicts essays

Civil War Leaders and Their Conflicts essays Ever have one of those times in which you just dont know whos right? Well, both General Robert E. Lee, and President Abraham Lincoln had one of those times, during the civil war. Robert E. Lees Letter to His Son, shows the conflict that took place in him, between aligning his power with his state, or aligning with the union. However, Abraham Lincolns conflict was how to just keep the union together. His speeches of Gettysburg, and his 2nd Inaugural address, show this personal conflict. The two major players during the Civil War, Abraham Lincoln, and Robert E. Lee, both had personal conflicts, regarding the union. Abraham Lincoln, the Civil War president. While it seems that he had everything in his favor, he also had a personal struggle, with the north and south. This is shown in his Gettysburg speech, ... [t]esting whether that a nation, or any nation so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. This explains that the conflict of the north and south is not one conflict that can be done by many nations, and that this nation is torn between ideas. However, this conflict is really shown in his 2nd inaugural speech, Both parties deprecated war...but one would make war...and the other would accept war. This clearly shows that Lincoln not only blames the north for the war, but the south also. Unlike Robert E. Lees conflict, Lincolns conflict involves the nation, and not just himself. Robert E. Lees conflict, was one personal to him. In Letter to his Son, Lee tells his son that, I take great pride in my country...and would defend ant state if her rights were invaded. But I can anticipate no greater calamity for the country than a dissolution of the Union. This tells us that Lee wants to support his nation, but also wants to support the state in which he lives. He proclaims that, I hope...that all constitutional means will be ...

Free Essays on The Torah

Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach... Free Essays on The Torah Free Essays on The Torah Belief Systems - Christianity, Judaism, and Islam Essay written by: di Belief systems, or religions are perhaps the strongest force in society. All of these beliefs are important to each religion in there own way. They’re what make each religion individual and special. Each of these religions had its own beliefs and sacred texts, though all shared some concepts. In the Middle East, the three great world religions-Judaism, Christianity, and Islam had both share some similarities and differences. Judaism, a monotheistic religion, so as Christianity and Islam, originally came from the Hebrews. The Hebrews believed that God was their special protector and was everything, the most powerful, and present everywhere. Like the other two religions, Judaism also has a holy book called the Torah. The Torah is a sacred recording of laws and events in Jewish history. The Jews believe that God gave them the Ten Commandments through Moses, which he was called â€Å"the Lawgiver†. According to the Jewish tradition, God made a covenant, or agreement with Abraham, the founder of Judaism. One similarity between the Christianity and Judaism is that they both fast at a certain designated times of the year. Not only does Judaism had similarities between the two religions, the other two religions - Christianity and Islam were strongly influenced by Judaism. Christianity has the largest world’s cultural, religious and political development. As same as Judaism and Islam, Christianity is also monotheistic. People who follow the religion Christianity are known as Christians. Christians follow the teachings of a man named Jesus, who was born in Palestine in about A.D. 30. Through the belief in Jesus, people believe that humanity can achieve salvation. Judaism and Christianity are quite similar. The teachings of Jesus were rooted in Jewish tradition. For example, Jesus accepted the Ten Commandments that God had given to the Jews through Moses; he preach...

Distinguish Between French Verbs Savoir and Connaître

Distinguish Between French Verbs Savoir and Connaà ®tre French has two verbs which can be translated to the English verb to know: savoir and connaà ®tre. This can be confusing to English speakers (though it might be easy for Spanish speakers), because in fact there are distinct differences in meaning and usage for the two verbs. Possible Uses for Savoir to know how to do something; savoir is followed by an infinitive (note that the word how is not translated into French):Savez-vous conduire  ?Do you know how to drive?Je ne sais pas nager.I dont know how to swim.to know plus a subordinate clause:Je sais quil la fait.I know he did it.Je sais oà ¹ il est.I know where he is.In the passà © composà ©, savoir means to learn or to find out:Jai su quil la fait.I found out that he did it. Possible Uses for Connaà ®tre to know a personJe connais Pierrette.I know Pierrette.to be familiar or acquainted with a person or thingJe connais bien Toulouse.I know / am familiar with Toulouse.Je connais cette nouvelle - je lai lue lannà ©e dernià ¨re.I know / am familiar with this short story - I read it last year.In the passà © composà ©, connaà ®tre means to meet (for the first time) / become acquainted with:Jai connu Pierrette Lyon.I met Pierrette in Lyon.Note that connaà ®tre always needs a direct object; it cannot be followed by a clause or infinitive:Je connais son poà ¨me.I am familiar with his poem.Je connais bien ton pà ¨re.I know your father well.Nous connaissons Paris.We know/are familiar with Paris.Il la connaà ®t.He knows her. Savoir or Connaà ®tre For some meanings, either verb can be used. to know (have) a piece of information:Je sais / connais son nom.I know his name.Nous savons / connaissons dà ©j sa rà ©ponse.We already know his response.to know by heart (have memorized):Elle sait / connaà ®t cette chanson par cÅ“ur.She knows this song by heart.Sais-tu / Connais-tu ton discours par cÅ“ur?Do you know your speech by heart? Ignorer Ignorer is a related verb which means not to know in the sense of to be unaware of. Depending on the context, it can replace either ne pas savoir or ne pas connaà ®tre. Jignore quand il arrivera.I dont know when he is arriving.Il ignore Ionesco.Hes not aware of (doesnt know about) Ionesco.

Aesthetics Methodology Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Aesthetics Methodology - Term Paper Example Next to him is an eroded stone figure that closely resembles him but is perceived differently as a hand holding an egg from which the Daffodil (Narcissus) flower is seen growing. The artist Salvador Dali was a surrealist painter who used a number of styles such as symbolism and imagery to express himself in his paintings According to (Etherington (56), Surrealist was a 20th century visual art and literature movement that expresses the imaginations of the subconscious using juxtaposition, imagery and symbolic figures of the subject matter. After end of World War I, the movement quickly spread and increasingly became popular in the visual arts industry. At the time of the painting in 1937, Surrealism was a popular visual art movement in Europe and Salvador Dali was an important member of the movement. In the â€Å"Metamorphosis of a Narcissus† painting, the artist has used a number of styles and techniques to improve in his artwork. For example a hand painted color photography consisting of different warm colors have been used depict the hallucinatory effects of transformation of Narcissus into a flower. On the other hand, symbolism has also been widely used in the painting with the eggs being used as a symbol of sexuality while the flower is used as a symbol of remembrance, hope and beauty. Similarly, the sight of a dog and ants in the background may have been used to symbolize death and decay that has just taken place after Narcissus pined away. Lastly, the repeated images are a symbol of the relationship between illusion and reality. One of the major sources of the aesthetics of Salvador Dali’s artwork is the effective use of warm color tones to depict the expression and feelings involved during the transformation of Narcissus. For example, the left part of the painting is slightly warmer and the color dies down towards the right side of the painting. Additionally, the chess board helps put a great tough to the artwork particularly because it

Longitudinal Strategy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Longitudinal Strategy - Essay Example These include vaccines, over-the-counter medicines as well as other broad range of health-consumer related products. The company therefore has a profile of operating in the different segments of pharmaceutical and consumer healthcare products within the UK as well as other parts of the world. Besides operating on medical supplies and research, GSK produces other health products such as beverages, which are used worldwide. Besides the operations of the company within the UK market, the company has major markets within the US, Germany, Italy, Japan, Spain as well as in France (StockMarketsReview.com, 2013, para 1). GSK, as a trading company, has a statement of mission, which is provision and development of immunotherapeutic, as well as vaccines that are necessary for improvement of human health globally. The company has made strategic milestones in the field over years and is credited for having great and significant contributions towards the global health as it is today. The company’s profile reveals that the formation of the company as it is today has involved merger efforts by many companies and thus would have a history from the early years of 20th century. It has also made great development milestones in the past since the millennium, where the scope of this paper will be. This paper intends to evaluate the strategic development milestones that the company has undergone with a special attention to the last thirteen years (since 2000). This is because the existence of the corporate identity of GlaxoSmithKline plc is only that old from the merger of SmithKline Beecham and Glaxo Wellco me in December 1999 (Addison and Lawson 2012: 3-5). In line with the company’s strategic mission, it has special focus on some fundamental areas such as realizing sustainable growth, improving long-term financial performance as well as reducing risks. The company realizes these goals through embracing diversification in global business, delivering high-value products as well as adoption of simplified business models. The recent developments have seen the company adopt generic branded manufacturing to add to the previously existing patented strategies in order to command higher influence and relevance in the modern day market. Addison and Lawson through a recent discourse analysis study concerning the strategic development move of generic branding found out that this was necessary and very effective in lowering the associated performance risks as well as in increasing the range of products being traded on. Research studies show that the shift in production models into the inco rporation of generic manufacturing has greatly revolutionized the industry through lowering the costs of production and in the process lowering the prices of the commodities on offer. Through the move, the GSK is able to manufacture cheap pharmaceutical products through lowered costs in research as well as in awareness creation. The move was strategic in that it enabled the company to focus the competitive strategies in manufacture of the trading products at higher efficiencies in order to continue in the lead over the world market amidst heightened competition (Addison and Lawson 2012: 32). In fact, it is through such a move that the company is acknowledged to diversify

The Usage of Made In for the Segmented Products Essay

The Usage of Made In for the Segmented Products - Essay Example The command of the market has been linked to the efficiency of the product and the considered aspect of the economy. Such allows for the consideration of advanced technology and improvement in the economics of the cost towards the address of the rivals under practice. The superiority among the rivals allows for the conceptualization of the eventual ability they extend in the considered domination, as well as in the out-positioning of inferior products. The stationing of different arms of production under geographical distinctions allows for the reflection of the challenge they stand to offer with respect to the perspective concept of state recognition. Apparently, goods desire to be recognized alongside the state of origin. However, the inclusion of different states or countries in the process of production only assists in the complication of the entire acknowledgment process. Such allows for the reflection of the immediate challenges that may be related to the shipping of products with a source complication (Scheve, 2002). Various approaches have been considered to be associated with the eventual process of development and allocation of the â€Å"made in† tag. Allowing a state to consider a product to be manufactured in its territory allows for the improvement in its global perception of technology. However, the producing authority may not have had a comprehensive manner upon which the process of filing of the respective descriptions of rights and protocols are advised. Instead, there exists a line of acknowledgment with respect to the role plaid by the involved country (Tanzi, 2002)

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine Research Paper

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine - Research Paper Example Put simply, globalization is the idea that with trade barriers falling down and connections between countries (such as the internet, cheap and efficient transportation etc.) the location of a product’s consumer and producer no longer need to have a connection to each other. Maine, like virtually every other part of the world, has been significantly affected by globalization. Globalization has had both positive and negative effects on the economy and lifestyles of people living in Maine. On the one hand Maine has been spared many of the out and out relocations of jobs to outside of the state due to the impracticality of relocating those industries that other places, such as Michigan, have had to deal with, while on the other a global market has still driven prices down, hurting manufacturers. These same falling prices, however, have been beneficial to the working class people who are most harmed by jobs moving away. Furthermore most economic theories state that, in the long ter m, Industry Globalization leads to the most efficient distribution of jobs and manufacturing across the planet in terms of money cost. Basically it states that if a job can be done or a product produced for less cost somewhere else than it is currently being done, the job or production moves to that new place. In the case of America, the largest consumer society ever seen in all of history, the calculation usually involves three fundamental principles: cost of labor, location of raw materials, and cost of shipping and production (Bilgin, 2004). America has relatively high labor costs, especially when compared with emerging markets such as China or India, which is what prompts many industries to move away(Bilgin, 2004). Luckily for Maine, however, many of the industries are impractical to move because high shipping and transport costs would more than offset any savings made by reducing labor costs. Maine has a small but important steel industry, for instance (Madar, 2009). This indus try is naturally protected from being moved elsewhere because it has such incredibly low labor costs per ton of steel produced, so even though Chinese steel foundries can often get labor for about ten percent of the cost of labor in Maine, the cost of shipping that steel from China to the consumer market on the east coast of the United States still ends up costing more than steel produced in Maine, with its higher labor costs (Madar, 2009). This same principle holds true for two of Maine’s oldest and most well known industries, the lumber and paper industries. Both of these industries involve moving around an processing incredibly heavy raw materials (wood in both cases) and have very high tonnage of product per unit of labor ratios. This means that they are inherently somewhat protected from the effects of globalization, because taking the raw materials (lumber) from Maine, transporting it to another country for processing then returning it to a consumer market in and around Maine would lead to such amazingly higher cost than just leaving the manufacturing jobs, even with high labor costs, in Maine. Maine’s other ancient and venerable industry, the fishing industry, is likewise protected to a certain degree from globalization by its very nature. The raw materials for Maine’s fishing industry can obviously be found nowhere except off the coast of Maine. While it is possible to by many of

Diagnosis Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Diagnosis - Case Study Example Along with this, there are anorexia and catabolic process of chronic inflammatory process of the disease. All these may combine to cause profound weight loss over a short period of time. 3. Since there is a component of malabsorption, Schilling test may be done to rule out Vit B12 deficiency. Electrolytes to rule out potassium, magnesium, and calcium deficiencies need to be done. Serum albumin would indicate hypoalbuminaemia indicating amino acid malabosrption or protein losing enteropathy. Air-contrast barium enema and CT scan need to be done to better delineate the terminal ileal involvement. Colonoscopic examination with rectal biopsy can yield the histologic nature of the disease. 4. Apart from other general measures like nothing orally, intravenous alimentation, fluid resuscitation, the medical therapy of first choice would have been sulfasalazine. This drug consists of a sulfapyridine moiety chemically bound to 5-aminosalicylate. This undergoes bacterial cleavage, the liberated sulfapyridine is absorbed, and the salicylate component exerts its anti-inflammatory action through inhibition of prostaglandin synthesis, thus reducing the inflammation. 5. 5. The complications that may arise out of this disease, that is, Crohn's disease are intestinal obstruction; fistula formation with contiguous intestinal lumen or urinary tract; small-bowel or colonic malignancy; bile salt malabsorption leading to increased gall stones; and increased incidence of urinary tract oxalate stones. 6. If there is associated chronic inflammation of the bone marrow, there may be anemia with decrease in the platelet count. The anaemia is variable, so are the red cell indices. Megaloblastic anemia with increased MCV is rare. 7. On the basis of these preliminary tests, the diagnosis would be Crohn's disease. This disease presents in a young adult with variable weight loss, right lower quadrant discomfort or pain, and diarrhoea. The diarrhoea is usually moderate often without gross blood. The patient looked pale due to anaemia, and mouth ulcerations were due to aphthous stomatitis, which is a common accompaniment. The right lower quadrant tenderness is consistent with the mass felt per abdomen that reflected adherent loops of bowel. As expected, the blood picture reflected anaemia and leukocytosis. The final diagnosis is made from the appearance of the distal ileum that showed narrowing and thickening of the intestinal wall. 8. The main risk factor is genetic predisposition to the development of the disease. Whites and Jews have increased incidences, and increased preponderance of disease in monozygotic twins support. Exact genetic linkage yet to be discovered. 9. The other risk factors that may be involved are, immune mechanism suggested by extra-intestinal manifestations, abnormalities of cell-mediated immunity, and psychological factors caused by stress. 10. There is considerable individual variation with respect to drug metabolism, hence effects of the drug. Drug metabolism is related to cytochrome P450 family of genes. In humans, enzymes encoded by P450 genes are located in the liver where they metabolize drugs. Through oxidative metabolism, these enhance water solubility of the drug to enhance its excretion. For drugs that are metabolized in this way, this process affects the blood levels of the compound, so the therapeutic efficacy, and sometimes, this is necessary to

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine Research Paper

Globalization and its affects on the State of Maine - Research Paper Example Put simply, globalization is the idea that with trade barriers falling down and connections between countries (such as the internet, cheap and efficient transportation etc.) the location of a product’s consumer and producer no longer need to have a connection to each other. Maine, like virtually every other part of the world, has been significantly affected by globalization. Globalization has had both positive and negative effects on the economy and lifestyles of people living in Maine. On the one hand Maine has been spared many of the out and out relocations of jobs to outside of the state due to the impracticality of relocating those industries that other places, such as Michigan, have had to deal with, while on the other a global market has still driven prices down, hurting manufacturers. These same falling prices, however, have been beneficial to the working class people who are most harmed by jobs moving away. Furthermore most economic theories state that, in the long ter m, Industry Globalization leads to the most efficient distribution of jobs and manufacturing across the planet in terms of money cost. Basically it states that if a job can be done or a product produced for less cost somewhere else than it is currently being done, the job or production moves to that new place. In the case of America, the largest consumer society ever seen in all of history, the calculation usually involves three fundamental principles: cost of labor, location of raw materials, and cost of shipping and production (Bilgin, 2004). America has relatively high labor costs, especially when compared with emerging markets such as China or India, which is what prompts many industries to move away(Bilgin, 2004). Luckily for Maine, however, many of the industries are impractical to move because high shipping and transport costs would more than offset any savings made by reducing labor costs. Maine has a small but important steel industry, for instance (Madar, 2009). This indus try is naturally protected from being moved elsewhere because it has such incredibly low labor costs per ton of steel produced, so even though Chinese steel foundries can often get labor for about ten percent of the cost of labor in Maine, the cost of shipping that steel from China to the consumer market on the east coast of the United States still ends up costing more than steel produced in Maine, with its higher labor costs (Madar, 2009). This same principle holds true for two of Maine’s oldest and most well known industries, the lumber and paper industries. Both of these industries involve moving around an processing incredibly heavy raw materials (wood in both cases) and have very high tonnage of product per unit of labor ratios. This means that they are inherently somewhat protected from the effects of globalization, because taking the raw materials (lumber) from Maine, transporting it to another country for processing then returning it to a consumer market in and around Maine would lead to such amazingly higher cost than just leaving the manufacturing jobs, even with high labor costs, in Maine. Maine’s other ancient and venerable industry, the fishing industry, is likewise protected to a certain degree from globalization by its very nature. The raw materials for Maine’s fishing industry can obviously be found nowhere except off the coast of Maine. While it is possible to by many of

Manners of Development of Conceptual Frameworks Research Paper

Manners of Development of Conceptual Frameworks - Research Paper Example Valuation concept, as adopted by both IASB and FASB under circumstances when historical values being replaced with fair market values, has been examined to find out the effects of such valuations. The concept of ‘economic income’ has gained importance under prevalent economic instability around the world. Accordingly, an effort has been made to review the capabilities of standards to measure the financial income, calculated using available standards, in terms of economic income. IFRS 1 has been amended to make ‘comprehensive income’ more presentable and useful to users of financial statements. These amendments have been critically examined in order to evaluate their achievements. IASB has adopted asset- liability theory, similar to the approach adopted by FASB in its framework, to develop the conceptual frame. This implies that the objectives of standards would only be to satisfy the needs of users of financial statements. Standards are not set to measure the management performance, though such measurement is incidental on the application of standards. This is rather a lopsided approach and not a comprehensive framework helping to set the standards. Fair value application is a welcome approach and in situations where fair values are not available or measureable, the proposal to use present value is a refreshing modern idea. Suddenly economic income concept has taken a central stage in world economies. The abilities in IASB and FASB standards to evaluate financial income in terms of economic income, particularly when presenting effects of non- owners equity on the comprehensive income, reveals the flexible approach adopted in framing the standards. Though bri nging amendments in the presentation of financial statements is an effort in the right direction and with a purpose, but the very first effort to amend IFRS 1 has proved to be infertile. Amendments have not brought any value additions to the presentation of financial statements.

Designing a Biosphere Essay Example for Free

Designing a Biosphere Essay To start with the biosphere will be pumped with oxygen from oxygen canisters, plants will be introduced as well as simple life forms that use oxygen to respire. Hopefully the delicate balance of oxygen and carbondioxide will cycle around through plant and life form, from the processes of respiration and photosynthesis. Where the plant will use CO2 to make energy needed and will respire oxygen which will be useful for the life forms. I suggest simple life forms like bacterium or plankton to start with. A constant flow of air from a chamber of plants and organisms could be established to create a respiratory circuit. Maximise production of food: To begin the plants grown will be edible, and to maximise their growth they would be fed constant light and heat. The biosphere is an excellent insulator of heat so if kept at the right temperature the crops should thrive. I suggest constant light, so UV light supplements during night time hours to maximise growth efficiency. I also intend to use GM plants to make use of the benefits they could bring like certain health benefits to help lessen the chance of disease. Water : Introducing small irrigation systems through the biosphere from small ponds set up in a biosphere. It will be filtered with constant recycle so a pumping station will be on hand at all times. This should also help minimise human waste. Water will be introduced it will be brought at first from earth but will hopefully cycle around itself. The technology will be taken from an example of the biosphere in Cornwall. Poultry and Pork: After a time animals like pigs and chickens will be introduced, these animals are good for meat and eggs. Pigs are useful for also tackling waste as they eat almost anything and all body parts are edible. Chickens provide eggs and meat. Thermal: To provide heat I would use solar energy to power heaters in the biosphere at night all activity would have to cease to keep power storage from being drained. Waste problems: No packaging would be used in the biosphere all cuttings and peelings are recycled into compost as well as dead animals and plants. Anything that can be given to the pigs will be. Any rubbish will be burned at a quiet area. Sustainability: To make it sustainable I would use recycled everything, plants and meat are reared in the dome and heat is sourced renewably. Water, oxygen and CO2 are recycled over and over, waste is limited. Problems encounted: The hardest problem in making the idea work would be getting to mars in the first place and getting all the plants organisms and buildings on the surface. The hardest problem faced then if it works is a growing population of humans, plants and other organisms. My Design A simple look at the outside. Several small domes connected up to a large central hub where I would imagine the humans live.   The inside would look alot more like this. Plants grown in rows maximise space.   Irrigation systems watering the plants.   Composted soil giving nutrients.   Solar heat source 24 hours a day. O2 CO2 recycling through fans.

History Of Corporal Punishment

History Of Corporal Punishment Corporal or bodily punishment is the deliberate use of force anticipated to cause pain or harm for correction, discipline, changing bad behavior or in sole faith of bringing up the child. This physical harm can be caused by hitting, whipping, beheading, stoning, Cutting off limbs, burning and many other different means. The phrase usually refers to systematically striking the suspect with an implement, whether in legal, family or educational settings. Most of the times the imposed judgment tends to inflict a manner of bodily pain upon the suspects without killing them. Since medieval times, corporal punishment was commonly used in areas that did not warrant capital punishment, exile or banishment. Most opponents of these punishments are greatly concerned of the widespread practice and the brutality with which this technique is repeatedly inflicted. Corporal punishment is also used to mean a wide range of punishments moving from forced labor, amputation and torture. This punishment co mes in a wide variety of names, some of which are generic and others shows the extent of punishment and severity of injuries sustained. These names include spanking, caning, swatting and paddling. In this paper, the mentioned terms are literally used to mean a general term for corporal punishment (Key Events in the Debate over Corporal Punishment, 2006). The gradual growth of humanitarian ideals has led to abandonment of this practice, and today in the west it has entirely been replaced with life imprisonment and penalties. Bodily harm or corporal punishment continues to be practiced in correctional facilities of many countries. In some Middle East and Asian countries, amputation and beheading remain prescribed punishments. This vice is currently prohibited by several international human rights conventions. Over years, governments and parents have deliberately and lovingly administered corporal punishment with true desire of producing individuals who are democratic and peace loving. In this paper I would like to discuss the influence brought about corporal punishment, how it originated, and effects it has on the victims (Who decides whats right History of Corporal Punishment Historically, physical punishment was generally used in the early times of Moses, in laws of Sparta, Troy, Athens, and many other Greek states. It was also practiced in medieval Christian church traditions especially in Judaism. Currently its practiced in many countries of the world and remains in the judicial systems of some European communities. Even if the history of corporal punishment is not certain, the barbaric practice was confirmed as early as the 11th century in ancient Israel and it was definitely practiced in conventional civilizations used by Egypt, Troy, Sparta, Rome and Greek. In those times, the punishment was mainly focused on legal and educational settings. In early Europe, corporal punishment was promoted by manners of the early church in the respect to the human body. Since the judicial and education setting were attached to the church, this had a drastic influence on the implementation of corporal punishment. Nonetheless, corporal punishment in those medieval tim es was criticized by Archbishop of Canterbury, philosophers like john Locke and catholic priests (Who decides whats right, 2001). From the late 15th century, new developments in corporal punishment started to emerge. Legal sentences turned into open spectacles, where suspects were punished openly to deter others from committing related offences. In early 18th century, the whole idea of corporal punishment was attacked from various quarters and it was seen as ineffective method of correcting bad behaviors. Most people argued in unison that punishment of any kind should focus on correction and not retribution. The end effects of these ideas led to slight decline in the use of corporal punishment. In England the use of legal corporal punishment reduced in early 20th century and it was finally eradicated altogether in June 1948.Even if the practice of corporal punishment as been eradicated in most countries, in some Asian and Middle East countries it is still preserved as a judicial sanction (Corporal Punishment Abroad, 1999). Corporal Punishment in Modern society. In the modern society, corporal punishment stands out as ordinary method of disciplining and dealing with criminals and unruly children. Even though it has been banned in some European countries and states, most judicial systems allows people to be disciplined whenever they commit unwarranted crimes and when a reasonable distinction between the punishment and abuse is accessed. Physical or corporal punishment is distinguished from other punishments in that the damages are inflicted on somebodys body. It generally occurs as a technique of physical punishment for crimes and as a way to discipline bad behavior in the modern society, corporal punishment is widespread and its mainly divided into three unique classes: Domestic corporal punishment-found within family settings and mostly involves women and children being punished by spouses, guardians, parents or family members. Educational corporal punishment-found in educational settings and involves punishments of students within schools by teachers and school management. Judicial or legal corporal punishment-generally involves a criminal sentence brought about by the court of law and directly related to prison physical punishment. Domestic corporal punishment found within family settings is generally done under the phrase spare the rod and spoil the child. It involves slapping, whipping or spanking the child. In most European countries, domestic physical punishments its outlawed while in most African countries and some states of the United States of America are legal. Educational corporal punishment found in educational settings involves punishments of students within schools by teachers and school administrators. Students here are punished for misbehaviors or abuse of school rules and regulations. Students are either slapped or whipped in some cases, or paddled. Corporal punishment used to be common in education settings in many parts of the globe, but in modern years it has been banned in virtually all of European countries, Australia, Japan, New Zealand, Canada, and other small countries. In some parts of Africa and Asia it remains prevalent. Analytically, corporal punishment is most rampant among male stud ents compared to the female students and its more severe to males. Judicial or legal corporal punishment involves prescribed application of caning, whipping and strapping as an order from the courts. These punishments are common in African, Asian and Middle East countries. Most of countries with Islamic sharia laws employ ranges of these corporal punishments. As mentioned above, there are three settings in which corporal punishment is administered. Our focus in this paper will be in the judicial system and educational system. These settings commonly share similar unique characteristics that set them aside from other types of corporal punishment. Under extreme circumstances, Corporal Punishment is an effective method of punishing many people. It is a very adequate technique of keeping lots of the populace under control. It is mostly used as a caution to show the nation the penalty behind some of the dealings that certain citizens choose to execute. Is Corporal Punishment Abuse or Discipline? Antagonists of corporal punishment are precisely critical of its extensive practice and the brutality with which it is imposed. In many ways, corporal punishment can be referred as a gross abuse of fundamental human rights. Many people argue that its a good way of discouraging bad behaviors and crimes in the society but proportionally, the damage inflicted on somebodys body is not relative to crime committed. Its at times impossible for people to balance the concept of abuse and discipline. The subject of the use of corporal punishment in the society appears to be extremely contentious, with extremists analyzing both concepts of the continuum. Both abuse and discipline have a reasonable distinction and a good correction method can turn to abuse when overdone. When discipline results to bodily harm or affect the emotional level of a child or citizens, then it escalates into battering which is abuse. Obviously there are occasions of general abuse and of offensive bodily punishment. Thi s claim is inadequate to show even a connection between corporal punishment and abuse. Scientific research into probable connections between abuse and corporal punishment has not been conclusive so far. The fact that judicial corporal punishments cause bodily harm, it does not demand that punishment should never be imposed by anybody. If it has such power, then the system should not be blamed if individual supposed to administer the punishment exceeds their powers. Its critical and very difficult if we try to condemn the offensive but not, the nonoffensive use of corporal punishment. For this technique to be valued and respected, it should follow the due course of the law, it should bring bodily pain without injury, it should not discriminate people in terms of gender and religion and there should be appropriate timing when administering the punishment so that the victim would be emotionally prepared. Delayed punishment allows the due process of law to be followed regardless of the legal term justice delayed is justice denied (Key Events in the Debate over Corporal Punishment, 2006). Corporal punishment in individual countries Corporal punishment is established many countries of the world and its practiced with intention of punishing those affiliates of society who have committed atrocious crimes against fellow citizens and laws of the land. In some times its used to give families of victims a sense of tranquility. Various types of corporal penalty subsist around the globe and in mostly related to the religion and social cultures of the nation. In Afghanistan- corporal punishment was widespread during the Taliban reign from 1996 to 2002.Being an Islamic state, the sharia laws ordered punishments notably to all criminal offences. Flogging is the most widely used punishment here and are generally intended to be embarrassing rather than painful. Literally, at the moment the Whole criminal and Justice System of Afghanistan seems to be rotten and most of these punishments are being performed without proper legal proceedings. Apart from the courts, teachers are also attempting to affirm their power over students by punishing them. This is widespread across the country and most of the times leave students badly injured. Reports of students being caned, slapped, punched and kicked as now become a daily routine. The current government claims its trying to curb the vice but this has not been forthcoming as many reporters still publish stories of students being hospitalized from injuries sustained in schools. In addition to floggings, Saudi Arabia on its part uses cutting off limbs, stoning and mutilations of body parts as a technique of corporal punishment. In normal circumstances such punishment are highly contentious and beastly. In early years corporal punishment involved caning, slapping and flogging. But of late physical punishment like mutilations have been introduced via the sharia laws. Most British colonies like Botswana, Nigeria, Malaysia, and Tanzania also employ judicial whippings and caning for a variety of offences. These punishments are more serious in Islamic countries like the ones mentioned above and others that practice Islamic sharia laws. Other countries that have practiced judicial corporal punishments include Germany, Korea, Sweden, China, state of Delaware in United States of America, Burma and Vietnam. According to research, currently most industrialized countries have barred corporal punishment in their society. Some countries have gone a step further in outlawing any form of bodily harm by state organs, including the judicial system. Global Convention on Human Rights has made a treaty that force member countries to protect criminals and other groups from physical attack and abuses coming as a result of corporal punishments (Who decides whats right,2001). Pros and cons of corporal punishment In most cases, individuals who oppose corporal punishment do so on sole foundation of single unwarranted arguments. Usually they claim many reasons to support their beliefs. Most of the times they do not support their arguments on a particular theory or philosophy. Previously, many People in the world thought that the best and cheap way to punish criminals was use of physical force. This technique is meant to infringe pain to someone by flogging, whipping, caning, hitting or beating them. The most important reason of corporal punishment is to reprimand someone for committing crime and to educate people to learn from their previous mistakes. In general, corporal punishment has its pros and cons. Its supporters claim it offers advantages over other punishments in that it is fast to implement, cheap and discourages rowdiness experienced in some judicial systems. Advocates of this punishment also argue its cost effective in that it reduces prison congestion hence promote development of t he prison facilities. This approach promotes easier reincorporation of the suspected criminals back into the society since they are not imprisoned and most of the times the infringed wounds heals. There are greater chances of avoiding such crimes and less recidivism. Supporters of the corporal punishment in children, whilst accepting corporal punishment results to child abuse, most of them claim when properly managed it can be a the most successful technique of disciplining unruly children (Corporal Punishment Cessation ,1999). Research by Harvard university shows that most American families support minimal application of corporal punishment. Use of corporal punishment makes people appreciate social norms and understand doing something wrong result in one getting hurt (pain) and suffering. As many citizens know the consequence of disobedience the less the crimes there would be. This punishment has numerous unfavorable psychological effects like depression, anxiety, is degrading, rig idity, teaches the wrong lesson, and stems up sexual deviance. Opponents of this punishment claim that any form of bodily harm or violence is definitively abusive. corporal punishment result to lack of trust to those in authority and makes one hate the systems and organs infringing those pains (Applied psychology,1978). People who are bodily disciplined are most likely to grow up appreciative of it and using it to resolve interpersonal conflicts.In term of domestic and school corporal punishment, it leads to obliteration of trust bonds and finally makes a child grow shy, violent bitter and insecure. These abuses and beatings lower their self-esteem, and promote aggression and fury without reducing bad behaviors the ones the child was being punished for. Some antagonists of corporal punishment argues that this method is not effective in eliminating crime and unruly behaviors in that it does not deter those punished from repeating similar crimes and mistakes. Unjust corporal punishment can be prevented by providing systems that safeguards the rights of this people. To be effective, there could be restrictions on the crimes for which the suspects can be punished, the materials used to inflict the punishment, the severity of the strokes and the site in the body where the punishment would be performed. Punishment within schools and families are less easily monitored, so proper preventative measures should be taken to avoid injuries. In some instances external monitoring is effective to counter check if one is doing it right or wrong (Davenport, 2003). Conclusion In my own opinion, I dont support the use of corporal punishment even if this paper has proved it not always immoral to administer one. Corporal punishment is a horrible practice, even if justified; it should not be cheerfully embraced. Other effective methods can be coined to treat bad behavior and crime in the society as an option to corporal punishment. Currently, corporal or physical punishment has been outlawed in the majority of the global states since many people who administer them abuse it. After bad legal battles arise, the governments systems are put into disrepute. In my conclusion I can comfortably say there are many other ways of dealing with criminals and unruly children and corporal punishment is not one of them.

The Basis of Medical Practice Essay -- Ethical Issues, Physicians

Overall, medical practice is carried out when physicians identify health concerns, e.g., diseases, mental disorders, and physical injuries, and provide treatments for patients in order to properly cure them of their maladies. Medical practice should be based on science—specifically, scientific research focused on discovering medical treatments—, ethical considerations regarding the wellbeing of patients that limit science, and intuition. However, because science is limited by ethical considerations and scientific evidence is sometimes unavailable, then the most important basis should be physicians’ intuition influenced by their past medical experience. On the whole, science plays a major role in the realm of medicine, as it is the foundation for the creation of new treatments and advancement of the medical field’s healing capability. Science is defined as field of knowledge based on discovering the truth about nature through formulating hypotheses and conducting research in an objective manner (Ehrenreich 19-20). The aspect of scientific research is significant because as more diseases and other medical conditions are identified, scientists need to determine possible cures and develop medicine in order for physicians to treat their patients. For example, neuroscientist V.S. Ramachandran recounts how patients with â€Å"reflex sympathetic dystrophy† participated in a scientific experiment that tested if there was a way to cure the unremitting pain associated with the syndrome (17). As a result of scientific research, a new and effective treatment for those with RSD was discovered when patients’ pain disappeared and mobility returned to limbs after undergoing a procedure that employed mirrors (18). Through the powers of science, variou... ...ck competence, sincerity, or diligence, but because they must make decisions about tremendously complex problems with very little solid evidence available to back them up† (Kumar and Nash 82-83). Though intuitive errors may be made, some of these are due to how the discovery of new ailments is continuous, and how humankind still does not understand everything about how illnesses and biological systems function. The treatment of medical conditions has still not been perfected and is the reason why the field of medicine is still attempting to discover new, innovative ways to cure diseases and other medical conditions. Though there may be certain issues regarding the individual doctors and their anomalous choices, overall the appropriate foundation for medical practice is a combination of the three facets of science, ethical considerations, and informed intuition.

Critical Analysis of Drugs Essay

Drugs and alcohol use has been a common and consistent problem in the United States for quite a long time. From the prohibition era in the 1920’s to the common drug use seen in the 1970’s, we have always seen a problem that needs to be addressed. An array of scholars, from all the disciplines, have each experimented and researched this topic in their own unique ways. The natural sciences take a purely scientific approach by hypothesizing and using the scientific method to research and made evaluative claims based on experiment and observation as shown in the article â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students†. Social Science is similar because it also uses hypotheses and the scientific method to observe and evaluate experiments, but at the same time uses theory critique and discussion methods as seen in the article â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking†. The Humanities take a very difference approach to experiments and research than the natural or social sciences. The Humanities utilize analysis and interpretation in their approach and provide very subjective results to their studies as seen in, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students†. All of these techniques give us a better understand of the subject as a whole by exposing us to all the different views of a single topic. See more: how to write a critical analysis outline Drugs and alcohol use, particularly in college students, in a continuously rising issue in our current society and is gaining more notice in recent years because of the rise in college student awareness. It is a pressing issue that affects people’s health, lifestyle, and general well being and needs to be treated with attention and an open mind to help resolve its current issues. Part I. From the scholarly point of view, drug and alcohol use in the college setting is covered by all the disciplines with different attention on certain aspects by each respective discipline. A social science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking,† by Dr. Morgen delves into college students drinking habits, and why they act as they do. The articles purpose is to show the relationship between how students perceive their drinking and how bad it actually is. Dr. Morgen focuses on identifying the problem and evaluating it. This isn’t far off from the approach the Natural Science article, â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students† by Dr.Moore and Dr. Werch. Their focus is to compare exercise habits among self identified drinkers and to come up with scientific explanations for their habits. Like Dr. Morgen, the study included asking questions about the students drinking habits and perceptions of their actions. But, unlike Dr. Morgen there is a more objective approach to the results and less room for interpretation. The Humanities article compares more with the Social Science article and contrasts with the Natural Science take on the subject. The article, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students† focuses strictly on discussion and results to questions they presented to the women in their study. When comparing the Humanities article to the other two, you can see a difference in the materials covered and analyzed. The Humanities support its findings through their discussion and thoughts on the results, while the two science articles find support from empirical data. When looking at all three sources it is easy to realize how complex and broad drugs and alcohol are among the three disciplines. When we view the Natural Science article is it clear that the use of scientific sources are more prevalent than in the Humanities article. The Humanities utilize primary sources, where the Social Sciences use a mixture of methods found in both the Humanities and the Natural Sciences. All of these scholarly discussions demonstrate the complexity of the subject, while also exposing it from many different angles. Each article seems to approach the topic of drugs and alcohol by exhibiting several different opportunities for argument. Given that all three articles deal with three different disciplines it’s no surprise that each article comes to its respective conclusion by different rhetorical means. â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students,† by Moore and Werch, works to indentify factors in college students drinking and exercise habits and link them together. Moore and Werch rely on logos to convey their results, given that the article is in the Natural Sciences it uses facts, statistics, and experiments to argue its results. This differs greatly from, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students† by VonDras et al. because VonDras et al. make up the framework of their approach and argument by using credibility and reliable sources (ethos). The Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking† by Dr. Morgen, is a combination of both approaches. The use of logical reasoning and experiments yield to logos, but at the same time the exploitation of reliable sources and trustworthiness demonstrate ethos as its rhetorical choice. The point of view of the three articles is first person because the authors are directly explaining the experiments methods, process, and discussion to the reader. Throughout the three sources there is a certain ethos connection because of the experimenters relying on honest input from their subjects in each experiment. Overall, all three articles state the importance of the positions they take, and relate their topics to some degree. All have in common a kind of moderation in how they appeal to an audience rhetorically. Each source uniquely represents its particular discipline through textual evidence, and its take on the subject at hand. The Humanities article, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students† by VonDras et al. represents humanities perfectly because of its strong use of interpretation and analysis. This approach differs greatly from the â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students† article, which uses more observation and the scientific method, which is very representative of the Natural Sciences. Once again incorporating some of both of the disciplines to represent its take is the Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking†. There is clear use of scientific method and experiment, but you can also see interpretation and analysis in the conclusion discussion which talks about the students drinking habits and perceived benefits from consuming alcohol. The Natural Science article strays from its disciplines approach at times and seems to come across as a Social Science article. Its uses analysis and observation along with its hypothesis. The Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking† is most typical to its specific discipline. It exemplifies traditional Social Science approaches to the experiment and discussion more wholly than the Natural Science and Humanities articles represent their topic. The least typical to its discipline is the Natural Science article, â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students†. Though, as stated, it does use scientific approaches which represent the Natural Sciences, it also incorporates some Social Science attributes in its structure. This is dissimilar to the Humanities article, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students† because as previously stated, VonDras et al. stuck to the proper methods in their research and represented the Humanities in a proper fashion. Taken as a whole, these three scholarly sources predominantly stick to their discipline and properly represent their respective disciplines. Part II. The importance of drug and alcohol use in the college setting has never been more important and relevant than it is now. Drug and alcohol use at the college level can have many detrimental effects on the future of our society. We, the college students in America, are the future of this country, and if we cannot be responsible enough to drink not in excess then how can we be trusted to continue to run this country smoothly. The three sources used from the three different disciplines all touch on important ideas related to the topic at hand. As stated in the Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking† by Dr. Morgen, most of the college students that claim they have their drinking habits in control and receive lots of benefits from drinking fall into the DSM-IV-TR category for alcoholism. This is a relevant issue because it shows that college students who think they are responsible for their actions could easily have a disease and not even know it. We must strive to fix or at least help the issue that is in front of us by going straight to the matter. In the Natural Science article, â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students† it states college students who exercise more are more likely to drink heavily. That seems highly counterproductive, but from the student’s point of view, they feel that if they work out and exercise they can drink as a reward for their efforts. This is a skewed way to look at it and should also be addressed. We don’t need to promote no drinking because that will simply not work, but we can push to inform people of the health risks and harm they do to their bodies by drinking heavily on a regular basis. This is a very relevant take on the subject because it alerts the reader of the things they found and provides unbiased, correct information on the topic of drinking amongst college students. The Humanities article, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students† approaches the subject from a different angle but still covers useful and relevant material to use and discuss. Its main idea is talking about how religion and spirituality effect their views and habits of drinking. The study found that religious affiliation and aspects of spiritual well being are moderators of behavior that lead to alcohol prevention. The level of awareness of the issue of alcohol use of all three scholarly sources seems to be very high. They all selected their topic of research to find definitive results about the use of alcohol and its effects on the people who abuse it. There seems to be a suitable amount of attention given, which is good because it seems that a large group of people are unaware of the negative aspects on their lifestyle and health of heavy drinking and drug use. We should be focused strongly on the issue more than the discipline we are reading it from. All the disciplines have unique approaches to their discussions but they still head towards the same issue that we should be focused on. All three of the sources seem to stay focused and never stray from alcohol use as their main topic. The Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking† seems to be most relevant because of its practical explanations. It includes input and thoughts from the Natural Sciences and the Humanities, and that’s what makes it a Social Science article. The practicality of its subject, why students drink, is easy to understand, but at the same time is very in-depth. We learn so much from it such as, why people drink, how much they drink, their perceived benefits from consumption, and the effects of all those things added up. As stated earlier, this issue is very important in our society at this moment. College should be fun, but at the same time we must learn to be responsible and focus on what we are in college to do. That is learn and get an education so that we can later because the leaders and innovators that push this country to greatness. Only so much can be done, but the first step to changing anything is raising awareness on college campuses. Overall, drug and alcohol abuse is portrayed in all the disciplines with each one having an important input on the matter as a whole. It is a pressing issue that affects people’s health, lifestyle, and general well being and needs to be treated with attention and an open mind to help resolve its current issues. We cannot stray from this pressing issue in the near future and must continue to research and experiment so that we may better understand drug and alcohol use from all different points of view. As stated in the Social Science article, â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking†, students who perceive their consumption as normal have in reality worse habits than the average person. We have to strive to expose this issue and correct it as best we can in the future. From the Humanities article, â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students†, we can conclude that religious affiliation and sense of spiritual well-being seem to have a positive effect on drinking habits. Simply put, morals seem to have an effect on if a person abuses alcohol or drugs. Also, as found in the Natural Science source, â€Å"Relationship between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students† people seem to be negatively reinforcing themselves because it was found that people how exercise more reported consuming more alcohol than the average person. That finding is a sad thing because it is so counterproductive to the body. From the sources as a whole you can easily find the connection that this is a pertinent issue today and will continue to be in the future. Its importance cannot be stressed enough but even with that, people will continue to not listen and use substances more than is considered responsible. We will see the consequences of this in the coming years, and determine if the issue really is as big as it seems, or if people finally grow up when they get out of college and realize they can’t have such destructive behaviors and continue to contribute to society in a positive way. In conclusion, we cannon stray from this issue, but we must continue to research it and learn from it to help fix and explain it to coming generations. Moore, Michele Johnson, and Chudley Werch. â€Å"Relationship Between Vigorous Exercise Frequency and Substance Use Among First-Year Drinking College Students. † Journal of American College Health Vol. 56. No. 6 (2008): 686-690. Morgen, Keith, and Lauren Gunneson. â€Å"Decisional Balance and Collegiate Drinking. † Journal of Alcohol & Drug Education (2008): 18-36. VonDras, D. , R. Schmitt, and D. Marx. â€Å"Associations Between Aspects of Spiritual Well-Being, Alcohol Use, and Related Social-Cognitions in Female College Students. † Journal of Religion & Health Vol. 46 (2007): 500-515.

ELL Families and Schools Essay

The American education system has been faced with a grave challenge of ensuring that students from minority language groups have to read and write well in the English language. Being English literate has become an important aspect for the realization of academic success in the American schools which has an impact on the accessibility to the educational and economical opportunities that are to be found within the United States. This challenge has been compounded by the fact that there has been a growth in the diversity of the ever-increasing language-minority students. This paper shall examine the interaction between the families of English Language Learners and the schools touching on the social-cultural influences and bilingualism and home language use. The paper shall further analyze the parental and community resources for English acquisition in the Seattle area. Background: The number of English Language Learners (ELLs) has been steadily increasing which has become a significant challenge to the education system in the United States. According to statistics, in 1979, the number of language minority students was estimated to be six million and by 1999, the number had shot to an estimated fourteen million. In a survey done to establish how such students fared in the county, it was observed that less than 20% could score above the standard gauge as established by the respective states. Whereas only 10 percent of those who spoke English were found to drop out of school at high school level, the scenario was even worse for language minority students whose percentage was slightly more than 30 for those who could speak English and slightly more than 50 for those who could speak English with some difficulties (August and Shanahan, 2006). For the language-minority students who have difficulties in reading and writing English in a proficient manner, they have a limited participation in the American schools, workplaces and the society in general. Such individual usually faces an uphill task in competing for the employment opportunities and accessing power. The impacts of the inadequacy in the proficiency of the English language is not only a detriment to the self through self impoverishment but also impacts negatively on the nation through reduction of the country’s potential in terms of economy, innovativeness, quality of life and increased productivity (August and Shanahan, 2006). Socio-cultural influences on ELLs: The English language Learners (ELLs) can not be regarded as a single group as they exhibit variations when critical factors are put into consideration as opposed to the common feature that they are all learners of the English language. Socio-cultural factors play an important factor in the analysis of these learners. Such factors include the prior academic schooling; literacy levels in the homes; socio-economic status of the families; and the cultural influences in regard to the native language and the country of origin (Carrigg, 2006). In prior academic schooling, there are variations in what is regarded as elementary or primary education whereby it may refer to â€Å"k-8, k-6, 1-6, or 1-5 grades† (Carrigg, 2006, para 3). The location of the schooling [whether urban or rural] is also important in the analysis on the performance of the student. Literacy in homes is a critical element in determining academic excellence in students. Vocabulary is first acquired in the homes and with educated parents; his becomes critical to the school going children. The socio-economic status of the family is also an important aspect in language acquisition. Poverty stricken homes have very little support if any to the academic language. There are also cultural barriers but their influences on language acquisition are not serious. What should however be noted id the fact that culture and the native language has a more pronounced impact on the older student compared to a younger one (Carrigg, 2006). Bilingualism and home language use: Most parents of the English language learners avoid speaking their first language believing that this would help their children in the development of proficiency in the English language. This is regarded as a generalized fallacy and that the parents who engage in this deny an important aspect to the children in their developmental process. The knowledge of the first language is crucial for the children’s maintenance of family relationships and cultural identity of the children (van Broekhuizen, 2010). The parents generally assume that learning two languages is a difficult task and could impede the development of language. They believe that the child will be unable to develop mastery of either language when exposed to the bilingualism thus would lack proficiency compared to those who learn just a single language. They also hold the belief that the two languages would confuse the child and they would have to speak the English language with an accent. This is however not true as it has been established that close to 50 percent of children around the globe can learn more than two languages becoming fluent and proficient in both languages (van Broekhuizen, 2010). In fact some studies have suggested that bilinguals in some instances have outperformed their monolingual counterparts when it comes to performance of more complex issues (Brainy-Child. com, 2010) Parental and community resources for English acquisition in the Seattle area: The Seattle Public Schools are engaged in an effort to ensure that students who graduate from the schools are ready for the colleges through the implementation of a Strategic Plan which was to be conducted in a creative and relentless manner. The plan was committed to engaging all the families in what was dubbed as School-Family Partnership Plan. The family engagement has been defined as efficient involvement of family members or any other caring adult individuals in the education of the children via academic support; advocacy; and partnership in the school system. The family engagements are implemented to ensure that students graduate when they are fully ready for either college, careers or life (Seattle Public Schools, 2010). To accomplish the mission of family engagement in the education system, various positions have been created to enhance the process. These positions include the director for family engagement, family engagement coordinators, and family engagement teams. The District parent/Family Advisory Committee has also been established to provide leadership, professional development, childcare, and transportation among other services that many be required. There are other components that have been established under the new plan to promote the engagement of parents in the education system (Seattle Public Schools, 2010). How to improve school partnerships with the ELL Families: Since the parents are the child’s primary teachers, it is important for programs that serve the English Language Learners to form a collaborative relationship between the parents and the teachers. In this regard, parents need to be provided with opportunities to participate in the child’s education. It is the duty of the teachers to â€Å"share information with parents about the standards, curriculum, and instructional methods that are used in their child’s class and help parents understand the results of various placement and achievement assessment measures that are used in the classroom† (Coltrane, 2010, para 9). It is vital for the home and school to work together to ensure that the students’ abilities are well nurtured and developed. Conclusion: The importance of the relationship between the families and school especially in English Language Learners’ schools can not be ignored. In fact such relationships are crucial in the development of language proficiency amongst the learners in a more comprehensive manner. ELL schools should therefore be encouraged to establish sound relationships with the families of learners to ensure academic success. Reference: August, D. and Shanahan, T. , (2006). Developing Literacy in Second-Language Learners: Report of the National Literacy Panel on Language-Minority Children and Youth. Retrieved on 24th July 2010 from; http://www. cal. org/projects/archive/nlpreports/executive_summary. pdf Brainy-Child. com, (2010). The Impact of Bilingualism on Overall Language Development and Academic Success. Retrieved on 24th July 2010 from; http://www. brainy-child. com/article/bilingual. shtml. Carrigg, F. , (2006). Teaching ELLs in the Content Areas. Retrieved on 24th July 2010 from; http://www. state. nj. us/education/njpep/pd/iel/powerpt/TeachingELLsin_ContentAreas. ppt. Coltrane, B. (2010). Working With Young English Language Learners: Some Considerations. Eric Digest. Retrieved on 24th July 2010 from; http://www. ericdigests. org/2004-2/young. html. Seattle Public Schools, (2010). Seattle Public Schools: School Family Partnerships District Plan 2009-2010. Retrieved on 24th July 2010 from; http://www. seattleschools. org/area/fam/documents/SFP%20District%20Pl

One of the major characteristics that Beowulf and Hamlet Essay

One of the major characteristics that Beowulf and Hamlet share is the fact that they both rid Denmark of a treacherous monster who poses a serious threat to the land. Beowulf uses his warrior-like skills to fight and conquer a physical monster who literally haunts the swamps outside the state and plagues it with murderous acts. Hamlet’s monster is also one who commits murderous acts, though this is in the form of his uncle Claudius who kills the King (Hamlet’s father) and usurps the Danish throne. The two men, Hamlet and Beowulf, are thrown into these battles as youth, and both take on the challenge willingly. In fact, Beowulf travels from Geatland specifically to meet the challenge of fighting Grendel. Hamlet too takes it upon himself to kill Claudius as soon as he finds out that this man has been the agent of his father’s death. Another characteristic that both Hamlet and Beowulf share is their death and the method in which this occurs. Both are defeated in their final efforts at ridding their homelands of the evil that had infiltrated. In fact, both die though their efforts are successful. Beowulf dies at the hand of the final monster (the dragon) whom he succeeds in slaying, but who also deals Beowulf a deathly blow that eventually kills him. Hamlet also has a similar experience in that, while he is able to slay Claudius by the end of the play, he is caught with a poisoned sword and eventually expires after all his enemies have died. The two characters die by peripheral (yet fatal) blows given them during the melee. Both show bravery by continuing to fight even while they are mortally wounded. Eventually, both succumb to the serious wounds they have acquired, yet they die in the victory of knowing they have defeated their enemies. Beowulf and Hamlet also differ in many ways, one of which is the character that they show throughout the play. While Beowulf displays a warrior-like character, Hamlet shows himself to be fearful and awkward in acting out the desires of his heart. Beowulf is eager to come to the aid of the King of Denmark, and he pauses only to partake of the feast given in his honor before he sets out to kill Grendel. When he encounters the monster, he loses no time in indecision but immediately performs the actions necessary to kill the beast. In fact, Beowulf fights three ferocious beasts throughout the story with the same vivacity and fierceness. Hamlet differs from Beowulf in his character, and he displays the tendency to employ a much more subdued and stealthy course of action. Though he too determines to defend the honor of Denmark’s (former) king by killing his murderer, he demonstrates a greater portion of dalliance and indecision than does Beowulf. When he gets his first chance to kill Claudius, his idle thoughts concerning the condition of Claudius’ heart (while praying) leads him to forfeit that chance and allow Claudius to live. He fails in his pursuits far more than Beowulf does too, because in his second attempt to kill Claudius, he ends up killing Polonius instead. In these ways, Hamlet shows himself to lack self confidence in a manner that is vastly different from Beowulf the ready warrior. Beowulf and Hamlet show differences in the tenure of their lives and the fulfilment of their royal destinies. Hamlet, unlike Beowulf, fails to ascend to the throne to which he is heir. He dies before the throne falls vacant and also fails to prove King Claudius a usurper in any effort to gain his rightful place on the throne. Beowulf, on the other hand, is able to spend fifty years as ruler of his Geat kingdom. In addition to this, Beowulf differs from Hamlet in his ability to live out his live and to attain old age. He is able to demonstrate his strength as a ruler for many years and to gain the respect of his subjects. Hamlet, who dies young, is unable to do any of this. He is never able to command the subjects over whom he was destined to rule precisely because of the fact that his life ends tragically in his youth. Therefore, while both men perform in the role of princes during their youth, Beowulf becomes promoted to the level of king while Hamlet dies with all his potential. Works Cited Beowulf. The Harvard Classics, Volume 49. Frances B. Grummere (Trans. ) 1910. P. F. Collier & Son, 1993. Shakespeare, William. Hamlet. London: Penguin, 1994.

IT capabilities transformation of cloud computing Essay

IT capabilities transformation of cloud computing - Essay Example Established organizations have strategic vision that drive their future direction offer guidance toward business strategies, which in turn drive the IT strategy useful in developing the enterprise architecture. This offers an organizing principle, which aligns the mission of the enterprise with its IT strategy and implementation plans. Cost flexibility and IT scalability in cloud computing Business organizations large and small all over the globe and in almost all industries embrace cloud computing as a means of reducing the difficulty and costs linked to conventional IT approaches. Cost flexibility is an essential reason many companies value adoption of cloud computing because cloud environment has the ability to decrease fixed IT costs and shift to variable cost structure. Cloud computing enable organizations to decrease fixed IT costs because it allows shift from expenses on resources to operational expenses. Capital expense in IT that often involves enterprise software licenses, servers and expensive networking equipment that are less fluid and hard to forecast compared to IT operating costs associated cloud computing. Therefore, cloud computing applications make the conventional hardware, software installation and dedicated software license fees redundant because cloud services allow an organization to shift costs from capital to operational costs. By adopting cloud environment, organizations pay only for what the organizations need when necessary; hence, this pay per use offer great flexibility and eradicates the desire for significant IT capital expenditure. Cost flexibility is an appealing attribute of cloud computing because apart from cost flexibility, cloud computing offer firms access to tool and computing power that would normally be affordable to large companies (Berman, et al, n.d). IT scalability is acknowledged as major benefit associated with cloud adoption; but for organizations, cloud offers more than mere IT scalability because it allows or ganizations to scale business operations as well. By offering quick provisioning of IT key resources with no scale restrictions, cloud computing enables organizations to gain from economies of scale without accomplishing large volumes of vital resources on their own. Apart from business scalability and cost flexibility offered by cloud, cloud computing also provides the advantage of masking complexity. Cloud computing provides businesses a means of hiding some complexities of their operation, which is helpful in attracting a broad scope of consumers. Since cloud computing veils complexity from end users, a company is able to expand product and service sophistication without increasing the level of knowledge within user regarding use or maintenance of the product or service. Convergence of enterprise architecture and cloud computing has enabled a shift from monolithic systems to multitier architecture. As service-orientation concepts become pervasive and popular, IT in enterprises fu lly embraces them in order to be flexible in its operations, offerings and outlook. With massive adoption of cloud computing, enterprises are changing themselves into on-demand, instant-on, lean and adaptive organizations. Cloud computing being an enterprise-class technology naturally merges and mingles with enterprise

The Wiccan Religion Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

The Wiccan Religion - Research Paper Example Almost all of the forms of paganism are focused around worshipping nature and multiple deities; hence they appear to be the same religions to a non practitioner. Paganism is an umbrella term which encompasses many pagan practices and religions including Wicca which is one of the most widely practiced forms of paganism. Wicca is one of the most widely misunderstood forms of paganism and people usually associate mistake it for a religion promoting evil witchcraft and weird rituals (Cunningham 2010). The Wicca has its roots in the early pagan practices and could be called its direct descendent. Even though Wiccan beliefs bear a striking dissimilarity, it can easily be traced back to the early forms of paganism. During the medieval ages, the church decided to eradicate the pagan religions because it was believed that paganism was actually linked to satanic worship. ‘Witches’ were targeted and burtally burned at stakes if found guilty of possessing the art of witchcraft. About 40000 to 100000 people were killed during the famous ‘witch hunt’ because they were suspected to be linked with witchcraft (Howard 2010). The word ‘witches’ and ‘witchcraft’ had a very negative connotation and was usually considered a symbol of devil worship, and strange rituals which involved rape or cannibalism. Many of the followers of pagan religions abandoned their sacred beliefs for fear of their lives however a few clung onto it and followed it in sec recy. The current form of Wicca actually propagated in the twentieth century however many of the followers are of the view that it is a rather refined form of the same paganism (Howard 2010). During the twentieth century, many leaders stood up to propagate ‘Wicca’ because they feared that the ancient religion of witchcraft would completely die out. In the year 1954, a civil servant by the name of Gerald Gardner published â€Å"Witchcraft today† in which he spoke of his fears of extinction of the ancient religion. He also recounted his encounter with the other members who were part of the Witch cult. He decided to spread the religion and for this purpose, Gardner formed the Bricket Wood coven in the city of Hertfordshire in 1946. For the organization of the coven, he declared himself the high priest while making Dafo the high priestess. Gardner laid the foundation of the ‘book of shadows’, the wiccan book of spirituality and personal experiences. He p reached that the book was actually an ancient practice and that its revival was necessary to revive the religion. The religion he preached, began to be known as the Gardnerian Wicca. There was however a lot of disagreement and unrest within the believers, the reason for which was the Gardner’s imposition of the Wiccan laws. The Gardnerian Wicca however attracted a lot of people and hence the Bricket Wood coven could be said to have played a vital role in the revival of Wicca. Following Gardner’s open proclamation, many other followers emerged and claimed that the ‘traditional witchcraft’ was being followed by their families since ages. With the public declaration of such a large number of followers, the Wicca began to be seen as a religion rather than a satanist cult. A large number of covens were formed devoted to the cause of guiding solitary practitioners as well as propagating the Wiccan religion across the globe. With the increased number of covens, t he religion entered from England to the neighbouring countries of Ireland and Scotland. In the 1960s,